War and Change the 1940s

Although eleven seniors had graduated before the start of the 1940 season, the biggest problem the team would face would be integrating a new head coach into the lineup. Davies had resigned in March with a 20-3-3 record and had been replaced by his assistant Robert "Pop" Jones. Davies resignation was somewhat mysterious. He had a tendency of leaving jobs of as soon as he had reached a pinnacle. But he had also apparently made some enemies in Scranton. His resignation letter, however, simply noted that he wanted to pursue business opportunities in Pittsburgh.
The five-week spring 1940 training season was quite busy attempting to fill gaps left by the previous year's graduates. Jones also selected new assistant coaches including recent graduate Les Dickman to serve as a backfield coach. Finally the team was planning to play in the new Scranton stadium.
The Tomcats started promisingly with a 13-0 victory over Davis-Elkins followed by a 20-19 victory over St. Ansel. Old rival St. Bonaventure beat the Tommies 10-7 but the Purple and White came back the next week to beat Toledo. After that disaster struck. The Tomcats were routed by Marshall 50-6 in one of the worst defeats they had ever suffered. The team would not win another game that season losing two more and tying two and ending the season with a 3-4-2 record. Once again school spirit was also a problem. An early season pep rally held by the Chamber Of Commerce attracted only five students.
Initially the team thought that it would take the field having lost seven graduating seniors. But as the war in Europe got hotter and conscription started in the United States, the team lost two players to the National Guard. On top of that the team also lost a couple of men to injuries before the season started. Nonetheless the team started well, winning its first three games but then the season fell apart as more injuries hurt the squad. The Tommies lost two in a row, beat LaSalle, tied Niagara, and lost the final game of the season. They finished with a 4-3-1 record.
After America entered the war many colleges began dropping sports. Frank O'Hara stated "If opponents can be booked there will definitely be a football team." Three teams on the 1942 schedule, Lasalle Niagara and St. Francis, dropped football during the spring of 1942 leaving the University trying to set up games with military camps. Colleges that did not drop sports allowed freshmen to compete on varsity teams in order to make up the manpower shortage. The football team suffered another problem when a flood that swept through the Lackawanna Valley flooded Athletic Park where the University's football equipment was stored.
In spite of all these problems the Tommies were optimistic at the beginning of the season. They defeated Canisius in the opener (the first of two victorious meetings with their old rival) but then lost to the Army team of Fort Monmouth. Among their new military opponents, the Purple and White tied the Lakehurst Naval Station and beat Fort Totten ending the season 5-4-1. There is a mystery concerning the end of the 1942 season. The summary sheet in the athletic department records for 1942 lists the season record as 5-4-1 but only shows nine games. Furthermore the last game it shows is a November 21 victory over Marshall 34-7 in a game played in Huntington WV. The Aquinas and the Scranton Times show the Tommies having lost 27-0 to the Manhattan Beach Coast Guard team on Nov. 22 and then finishing the season with a 34-7 victory over Camp Kilmer on Nov. 28. Lt. Jack Dempsey, former heavyweight boxing champion and Manhattan Coast Guard director of physical education, had been scheduled to appear at the Nov. 22 game and to speak at halftime. This expected appearance had taken on the aura of a public celebration with an official welcome planned. Dempsey's failure to show without warning disappointed fans as much as the loss did. According to the Coast Guard he had been transferred to the West Coast and members of the team said it was a "naval secret." The 10th game of the season, a victory over Camp Joyce Kilmer on a muddy snow covered field, was an unofficial post-season game to support a war relief fund promoted by the West Side Lions Club of Wilkes-Barre.
In March 1943 football coach Robert "Pops" Jones resigned his position to accept a job on the YMCA recreational staff. He departed with an 11-11-4 record and a reputation for having been a hard driver with a brusque manner. Pete Carlesimo became head coach. He had been hired the previous year as assistant coach. Carlesimo, who would become the University's longest lasting head coach, had graduated from Fordham in 1940. He had played guard at Fordham and had served as replacement for captain Mike Kochel on the "seven blocks of granite."
Carlesimo was unable to field a varsity team in 1943 and the season was canceled. They did however play an unofficial season. The team lost to Wyoming Seminary 7-6, defeated St. John's of Pittston 7-6, beat St. Dominic's 13-0, and lost again to Wyoming Seminary 20-6.
Football returned to the University of Scranton in 1944. Carlesimo fielded a 29 man squad, including Tommy Flanagan, possibly the University's first African-American athlete, who was the star of the season. Carlesimo brought the "T" formation to Scranton in 1944. The season started with a 6-0 upset victory over Franklin and Marshall. Besides only fielding fewer than 30 players against Franklin Marshall's 55 players, the Scranton team was also one of the few all civilian football squads playing in college football that year. Most teams were a combination of civilians and military inductees. The Tomcats then lost to Villanova 13-7 and to Michigan state 40-12. The team rebounded with a 39-0 trouncing of the Bloomsburg Naval Unit but then lost to the Atlantic City Naval Air Base squad 21-7 and to the Naval Academy Plebes 18-6. Although the Tomcats lost to the Naval Academy, they were the first team to score on the Plebes in Annapolis in five years. Unfortunately the Tomcats were then trounced by the Sampson Naval Training Unit 39-0. Although the team lost in a landslide, Tom Flanagan provided much of the Tomcats offense and prevented the rout from getting any worse by single-handedly preventing three touchdowns. The team finished the season with a 32-6 victory over the Bloomsburg Naval Unit for a 3-5-0 record.
The 1945 season saw the team back up to normal strength, fielding 40 players. Once again the University played a mix of colleges and military service teams. Once again the young Purple and White team played to mixed results ending the season with a 4-4-1 record. The low point came with a 42-0 trouncing by Detroit University but the Tommies did manage to beat the City College of New York 27-0. The team also featured the services of Anthony Capone who weighed in at 315 pounds and played tackle. Bob Streeter of Bucknell University wrote to the department of athletics at the University of Scranton inquiring about Capone "Am I seeing things, or does your reserve tackle, Capone, actually weigh 315 pounds?...If he actually is that big, would you please send me a collect wire confirming that fact." Team captain Len Modzelesky, left tackle, was named to the Associated Press All Pennsylvania College Eleven.
The team struggled again in 1946 as it slowly returned to an all college schedule. One major change occurred. Even though the school had been the University of Scranton for almost a decade, the team was still being called the Tomcats as they had been during the days of St. Thomas College. Rev. John J. Conif, S J. Director of Athletics announced that the team would now be called the Royals. A contest had been held to solicit new names for the team but none of the submissions were approved by the administration. Consequently the new team name was picked by a University official. The nearest runners up, who all received a five dollar prize, were Royal Purple, Pioneers, Knights, Laurels, and Warriors. Most were rejected because other teams already had the name.
The season started on a good note with a 26-6 drubbing of Lock Haven State Teachers College. This however was followed by a 32-13 defeat at the hands of Detroit University and a 33-7 defeat to St. Bonaventure. The team rebounded with a rout of Fort Monmouth and a solid defeat of Albright. Unfortunately the Royals lost all but one of the remaining games, a 13-13 tie with Canisius. They ended the season with a 4-5-1 record.
As had often been the case, fan turnout and school spirit was low throughout the season. An Aquinas column chastised the student body for its low turnout and condemned fans who spent the game berating coach Carlesimo.
One wonders whether the 1947 schedule, which only featured three home games as opposed to six away games, was a response to the negative fan reaction of the previous year. The Royals lost their first away game convincingly to Dayton University 28-6. But then Scranton team turned the season around quickly. They routed American International 54-6 and Niagara 39-6 and defeated the next two opponents, Youngstown University at home and Canisius away. The next home game featured a 43-0 rout of Albright. Unfortunately the team had a letdown near the end of the season losing two of their last three and ending the season 6-3-0.
But school spirit had picked up. The Youngstown victory helped turn the school's Homecoming Celebration into "the greatest display of college spirit ever witnessed at the University of Scranton" according to the Aquinas. And a large pep rally preceded the Royals destruction of Albright. Although the season ended with two losses in their last three games the Royals had four players nominated for All-American honors on the American Football Coaches Association squad.
While the 1948 team put in another good 6-3-0 season, the team didn't catch fire until the middle of the season. They only won two of the first five games before finishing 4-0. This season started with a victory over Moravian but that game was followed by a 13-0 defeat at the hands of Boston University and an 18-14 defeat by Muhlenberg. The team rebounded against Lebanon Valley but lost to Canisius before finishing the season with four consecutive wins including shutouts of St. Vincent's and Albright. Team captain Len Modzelesky was nominated as a first string tackle on Pennsylvania's All-State eleven. Even more impressive, Modzelesky and quarterback Mike DeNoia signed contracts with the San Francisco 49ers.
Spring training season in 1949 offered something new for Royals fans. The team played full-fledged scrimmages against other college opponents. The Royals traveled to Colgate where they played to a 32-32 tie. Syracuse visited Scranton and played a three and a half hour, seven period, scrimmage which resulted in a 24-18 Syracuse victory.
The 1949 season was a so-so affair. The team ended the season with a 5-5-0 record and was outscored by its opponents 211-150. Perhaps the biggest disappointment of the season was a 33-13 loss to Fordham, Carlesimo's first game against his alma mater, on homecoming day. The only highlights of the season were convincing victories against Niagara, Lebanon Valley, and perennial punching bag Albright. The team suffered its most lopsided loss in recorded memory a 54-0 defeat at the hands of Dayton. But the school also inaugurated a "Dad's Day" game which fortunately turned out to be a 33-6 defeat of Albright. Guard Al Applegate was selected as a number of the Associated Press All-Pennsylvania Second Team. Halfback Tony Orsini and tackle Jim McHale were given honorable mentions. Fullback Pete Mondati was drafted by the Chicago Bears but then traded to the Pittsburgh Steelers. Unfortunately, he was not happy at being turned into a blocking back by the Steelers and left the team

The Glory Years the 1930s

In a preseason interview Harding promised to bring "showmanship" to the 1930 Tomcats. "We will concentrate on timing, speed and flash, in fact, the essentials of a musical comedy will be sought here in the St. Thomas camp." Unfortunately, the season started off as a tragic comedy. The Tommies lost the first game to Lafayette 7-0 because of penalties that ended Tommy scoring drives and a penalty that gave Lafayette its scoring opportunity. The team then lost an away game to Temple 28-2 playing under the lights for the first time. This game's showmanship was closer to the Keystone Cops rather than a musical comedy. Temple used a white football which blended in well against their red and white jerseys. In the poor incandescent light the Tomcats had trouble finding out which Temple player was carrying the ball and wasted much effort tackling the wrong players. The Purple and White rebounded with 20-0 victory over St. Vincent but then lost 14-0 to Bucknell. But the Tommies turned the season around and won their next four games before losing their Thanksgiving day finale to Canisius 2-0. They finished with a 5-4-0 record.
The 1931 season proved to be quite disappointing as the team only managed two wins against six losses and one tie. The team suffered quite a few injuries during the season including the loss of star tackle Cyril Gallagher who sustained three broken ribs during the St. Bonaventure game. He was elected captain for the '32 season. The season also saw the debut of the St. Thomas College marching band during a pre-Thanksgiving day game parade. As usual, the team lost the Thanksgiving day game to Canisius.
The 1932 season started with two losses. But then St. Thomas turned it around and won all but one of the next eight games for a 7-3-0 record. St. Thomas routed the Notre Dame "B" squad 24-6. The team also routed La Salle and the University of Baltimore. But the sweetest victory came on Thanksgiving day when St. Thomas defeated Canisius 26-0 snapping a six-year jinx whose bright spot had been a tie in 1927. The students celebrated by parading a Canisius casket through town. The successful season was capped by the selection of tackle Lea Ratomess to play in the North-South game under coach Jock Sutherland of Pitt. This was the first St. Thomas player to be selected for an all-star team.
Nineteen thirty-three turned out to be Jack Harding's best year as coach. The team had a 7-1 record losing only to Davis-Elkins in their last game by one point. The team only allowed 21 points in the entire season and 13 of those points were scored by Davis-Elkins on Thanksgiving day. Canisius had been dropped from the schedule and Davis-Elkins took over the Thanksgiving slot. The West Virginia team came into the game undefeated but was out-played by the Tomcats. Nonetheless the visitors squeaked by with a one point victory.
Harding began the 1934 season stating that he was fielding a tough squad but that he doubted it could match the record of the previous year. The team had lost too many starting players to maintain the same high quality of performance on the field. Harding was right and team struggled to a 3-4-1 record with a notable romp over Brooklyn City College 42-0 and a Thanksgiving day 14-0 victory over Davis-Elkins providing the season's only highlights. The most unusual game of the season was a 2-0 loss to North Dakota at home. North Dakota may have been the most distant opponent St. Thomas ever faced.
A .500 season was all the Tomcats could manage in 1935 during an injury plagued season. Another Western opponent appeared. This year the University of San Antonio handed the Tomcats a 7-6 defeat. The Aquinas complained about poor student turnout for home games and encouraged the cheerleaders to come up with some new cheers that might rev up the student body.
The 1936 squad started slowly with a sluggish victory then a scoreless tie and two losses, the last coming to San Antonio. The Aquinas published a somewhat critical editorial on the team's performance in its October 16th issue. The October 23rd Aquinas featured a dogged defense of Coach Harding signed by the football team. This little joust with the school newspaper may have increased the team's determination because the second half of the season found the team undefeated, suffering only a scoreless tie during the Thanksgiving day game with LaSalle. The Purple and White ended the season with a 5-2-2 record. The November 1st victory against Mount St. Mary's became a newsreel feature. Fox News filmed the game and showed the highlights in Fox theaters around the country. Another first for the school arrived when students were allowed to bring their girlfriends into the student section of the stands for games.
St. Thomas college was stunned when Jack Harding resigned his position in February 1937 to become head coach at Miami University. Harding stated "this is an opportunity that I can't afford to miss" about leaving for Florida. He had however been offered the position before and had turned it down. The Aquinas speculated that continuing financial problems in the athletic department may have been the cause. Harding completed his tenure at St. Thomas with a football record of 53 victories, 36 defeats, and 8 ties. Tom Davies became the new had football coach and Robert "Pop" Jones became his assistant, moving up from his position as freshman coach.
The groundwork established by Jack Harding in turning St. Thomas into a real college football team was built upon by his successor. Tom Davies was a University of Pittsburgh graduate who came to St. Thomas with 15 years of coaching experience including nine years as head coach at the University of Rochester.
Davies started the 1937 season by closing training camp to visitors. He also started the season with a substantial core of veteran players from previous year. Davies was cautious however and he stated that he only found the team's prospects fair. The season proved that Davies was being overly cautious as the Tomcats marched to a 6-1-1 record including, finally, a victory over San Antonio. The team suffered one tragedy during the season when team physician and professor of anatomy, Charles Thomson, died from a heart attack shortly after the St. Joseph game in Philadelphia. He complained of indigestion the night before but had performed his duties during the game then collapsed outside the players' dressing room after the contest.
A major change had occurred for St. Thomas college prior to the start of the 1938 season. St. Thomas college was no more, the school would now be referred to as the University of Scranton. This had little impact on the football team which would continue to go by its traditional variety of names, Tomcats, Tommies, and Purple and White.
Davies had reason for concern at the start of the 1938 season. Twelve seniors had left the team after the 37 season. But the team came roaring out of the gate and defeated St. Francis 32-0. Davies however was concerned about the quality of play in the opening victory and warned that the team would have to perform at a higher level to beat perennial nemesis Canisius. The team beat that old rival but lost to St. Bonaventure, another team that often spoiled Tomcat seasons. The Purple and White did turn in a 7-2 season in spite of continuing complaints about the lack of school spirit and poor cheering during games. School spirit did increase during the course of season; perhaps the students sensed something.
The 1939 team once again suffered from a lack of veterans. Nine starting players had graduated, including the center and both starting guards. Davies provided a typically cautious, if not to say pessimistic, assessment of his teams prospects. "We hope to win half our games this year, but...I don't know. Our best bet is to build for the future, next year and the year after, and not expect too much from the squad this season." If Davies truly believed this he was in for the surprise of his career.
The Tommies began the season, playing a night game, with a 33-0 rout of St. Francis, but followed that with a 0-0 tie with Canisius. The team defeated Lasalle and then went to New York for a novelty. When the University of Scranton met the City College of New York on Oct. 14 the game would be televised by NBC. According to the Aquinas this was only the third football game ever televised. Fortunately for the Tommies, although perhaps not so fortunately for most television viewers, the University of Scranton squad overwhelmed CCNY 31-0. The team squeaked by Toledo then roundly defeated Marshall 20-0. Snow, a muddy field, and the stubborn St. Vincent team-who had lost to the Tomcats in each of the past five years-almost derailed the University of Scranton's try for an undefeated season. The Tommies hung on to a 7-7 tie in a game characterized as a punting duel. The Purple and White rounded out the season with a 28-0 rout of St. Bonaventure, an old jinx team, and a 21-20 victory over Niagara. The Tommies had finally completed an undefeated 7-0-2 season and the student body celebrated by skipping class on the following Monday. Walter Stascavage proved to be the high scorer of the season even though he had missed two games due to injury. He was also honored by being placed on the second team of the All-Lithuanian team picked by Tiesa, the newspaper of the Association of Lithuanian Workers, Inc. Carl Tomasello and John Rogalla were signed by the New York Giants.

Building the Program the 1920s

During the mid 1920s there had been a couple significant changes for St. Thomas athletics. First, the college had been accredited as a degree granting four-year college. Second, Jack Harding, a Scranton native and University of Pittsburgh graduate, had become football and basketball coach in 1926. Hiring Harding was a major move for the college, if only because the school would have to pay him. Harding, who had only graduated in 1926, had the option of a baseball career as well as offers to be assistant coach at larger schools.
During the next decade Harding, reportedly a student of Pop Warner but certainly a student of a Warner disciple, raised the level of athletics at the college. No longer would the football team contend against high schools and 2-year colleges. St. Thomas would compete against other small four-year colleges.
Harding was not instantly successful in revamping the St. Thomas football squad. In 1927 an extended editorial in The Aquinas criticized the college and the student body for not supporting the team properly. The team had started by winning its first four games, tying its next game, then losing its next four. Apparently most of the teams St. Thomas was playing, and specifically those it was losing to, had training quarters dedicated to the football team. According to the editorial St. Thomas players suffered from not spending enough time together, not eating together, and not bunking together. According to a survey conducted by the editorial's author many of the players lived outside of Scranton, some commuting more than 20 miles to school. All this commuting took a toll on the team's stamina which showed during the second half of the season. Coach Harding echoed this desire for a training camp during the annual awards banquet in April 1928.
The 1928 season opened at Camp Coffee, the new football training camp, at Lake Lodore near Carbondale. The team lost its first two games, including a narrow loss in its opener to powerhouse Temple. The team won its third game but followed this with three consecutive scoreless ties and ended the season with three victories for a 4-2-3 record.
St. Thomas scheduled a nine game season in 1929 featuring all strong teams and eliminating its weaker opponents from previous seasons. The football team paid a price for its boldness by starting the season with three consecutive losses. But the team rebounded with five consecutive victories before losing its final game of the season and ending with a 5-4-0 record.

The History of Football at the University of Scranton 1892-1961

The Early Years 1892-1920

Information on the early years of football at St. Thomas college is spotty at best. Athletics at St. Thomas College had an early and precarious beginning. On Thanksgiving Day 1892 St. Thomas College defeated Carbondale high school in the first recorded football game. In 1893 a college Dramatic Society production was held to raise money for the library and to buy football uniforms. There appears to have been a couple games played in 1893 as well, but there was no regular schedule. The first full football schedule occurred in 1898 when the "Tommies" went 8 and 1 and shut out all of their opponents, after losing the first game of the year 6-5 to Keystone Academy. The 1898 season also featured a 0-0 tie with Villanova on Thanksgiving day. The 1899 season apparently featured a 12-6 victory over Fordham on Thanksgiving. Apparently there was no football played in 1901. Information about the football team during the first decade of the century is difficult to obtain. Some information can be gleaned from the Scranton Times. But sports reporting was sporadic so it is difficult to know whether one has located every notice concerning the football team or whether every game was covered. In fact, sometimes a newspaper covered a game that wasn't played. The October, 7 1902 Scranton Times reported that one of the Scranton morning papers stated that the St. Thomas football team had lost to Bloomsburg by the score 58-0. The Times stated that no game had taken place "There is but one St. Thomas college team in this city, and members of that team were at their studies at the college yesterday, and were not out of town."
According to available information, gleaned from Scranton newspapers, the team played at least three games in 1902 under Coach Gilbert. The team lost to Keystone Academy but defeated Old Forge and Tunkhannock. A junior athletic club football team fielded a squad in 1903 playing teams under 14 years of age. And there is a record of two more games in 1904. W. J. Fitzgerald, class of 1903, reminisced in 1931 about the early days of St. Thomas college. The team ran the "flying wedge" offense. The offense featured a center and quarterback in the middle of the field with the other players lined up further away and behind the line on both sides of the center. The other players would then run toward the center and as they reached the scrimmage line the center would snap the ball to the quarterback and the wedge, with running momentum, would plow into the defense. Defenses eventually learned to counteract this attack by cutting the oncoming offense players off below the knee. A 1935 alumni reunion featured some stories about the Tommies' first football game. Unfortunately the players could not remember the name of the opponent and the year is not given in the article about the reunion. The reminiscing players, Hugh Ruddy, Charles Webber, Jim Cooney, Joe Weir, and Richard Miller, related that the Tommies were being so badly beaten at halftime that there was no more room on the score sheet for more figures. Richard Beamish, former secretary of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, volunteered to coach the team during the second half. Under his coaching the team was not scored upon. The game was called on account of darkness before the Tomcats could mount a comeback. They did however face the same opponent a few weeks later and defeated them. Unfortunately there is such scanty information about these early years that it may prove impossible to pinpoint either the year or the game. In 1908 the Tommies went undefeated and unscored upon. Only one game was played in 1909 before the college suspended the sport. Apparently there had been concern over injuries because the college removed the ban on playing football in 1910 and mentioned some rule revisions to reduce the likelihood of injury. The 1910 season featured at October 29 contest with Lackawanna Business College during which the St. Thomas team walked off the field because of a disputed call by a referee. The game was rescheduled and St. Thomas defeated Lackawanna Business College 5-0. But after the 1911 season football was dropped. It was officially reinstalled in 1916. And while the decision was made to form a football team there was no real season. The Aquinas tersely noted in its October issue "On account of school opening so late, (October 9), it has been decided to abandon starting football this season." In late October however, a game was played between the junior and sophomore classes resulting in a 18-0 victory for the sophomores. The Athletic Board arranged a Thanksgiving Day game with Technical High School. More than 3,000 people watched a muddy 6-6 tie game at Athletic Park. On Dec. 9, 300 fans sat in the cold rain to see St. Thomas lose to Central High School 6-0. And so ended the season. But football had been reestablished and would remain a varsity sport through 1960. The 1917 St. Thomas football season was quite successful. St. Thomas was undefeated enduring only a 3-3 tie with Union High School of Endicott NY. With the exception of a field-goal and a safety, St. Thomas was not scored upon by the assortment of high school and pickup teams the college contended with during its six game schedule. St. Thomas would continue playing similar schedules into the mid '20s. Since there were no other neighboring two-year colleges, the team continue to play high schools, normal schools, and business colleges. The team was coached by Bill Moore, who was "physical director" of the Catholic Club. Moore apparently coached the Tommies without remuneration. Even with good game attendance football was not bringing in enough money in Scranton.

History of Football

The history of football is generally traced back to it's beginnings in rugby. The English game that is very similar to football and soccer which also began in England back in the early 1800's.
The college campuses of Ivy League schools all played similar variations of football through the mid 1800’s. Then shortly after the end of the Civil War around the 1860’s some of the colleges began playing organized football. Princeton University frontiered some of the basic rules of football and the game became patented. It seems odd to be able to patent a game but nonetheless the sport began to grow. The first football game in college football history was then played in 1869 between Princeton and Rutgers with Rutgers as the victor thus producing football history.
College Football History took another big step in 1873 when a number of colleges met to form the first rules of the game and established the amount of players on each squad. The coach for Yale, Walter Camp assisted the final step in the change from rugby style football to the American style. He limited the number of players to eleven on each team and sized the football field to 110 yards. He then created the downs system in 1882 which was originally three downs to gain 5 yards and then changed to 4 downs to gain 10 yards.
Without proper safety equipment at the time the sport had become extremely brutal and dangerous to all the players. There were even a number of deaths that had taken place in the sport. It had become such a serious problem that the President of the time Teddy Roosevelt summoned a change and helped implement a group of 7 selected members to govern a rules organization and save football history. This committee eventually became the NCAA or National Athletic Association which we all know today.
The committee formed a number of new rules including the forward pass and a number of safety measures which penalized players for roughness and unsafe acts. Football history was changed when a common practice for the time of locking arms and blocking in unison which was rightfully made illegal as well. The game was shortened to the sixty minutes that we play today and a neutral zone between the offense and defense was also incorporated.
The development of the sport led to an inevitable expansion into the college football area. College football history has since flourished into an incredible weekly spectacle. Hundreds of college teams now compete each year under the guidelines of the NCAA. Numerous college divisions now have conferences and all have hopes of winning a major New Year’s Day Bowl. The history of football and nostalgia are alive in well in college football today.
Professional football was first played around 1895 and in 1920 the APFA or American Professional Football Association was formed. It was renamed to what we all know today as the NFL or National Football League in 1922. The NFL started slow and in the mid forties only had ten teams. A major merger then took place in 1970 that combined the 16 NFL teams with the 10 AFL teams to make one large association with two conferences. The expansion continued to the now 32 team league and professional football has grown tremendously since it’s beginnings in 1869 from one college game to a billion dollar empire. So goes the history of football.